Pumping at work laws
Know your rights by state (US) and UK — breaks, space, and what to tell HR.
Find out what your employer must provide for breast pumping at work — break time, private space, and whether your state offers stronger rights than federal law. Select your country and state for a plain-English summary you can share with HR. UK guidance included.
The PUMP Act — federal baseline (US)
The Providing Urgent Maternal Protections for Nursing Mothers Act (PUMP Act) amended the Fair Labor Standards Act to give most nursing employees a federal right to pump at work. It requires reasonable break time and a private, non-bathroom space to express breast milk for one year after your child's birth.
Breaks are generally unpaid unless you pump during an otherwise paid break or your state requires payment. Employers with fewer than 50 employees nationwide may claim an undue hardship exemption only if compliance would cause significant difficulty — a high bar for most workers.
For state-by-state deep dives, see our pumping at work laws hub or the full workplace pumping rights guide.
Frequently asked questions
How many pumping breaks am I entitled to at work?
Under the US PUMP Act, you are entitled to reasonable break time each time you need to express milk — there is no daily cap. Most working moms need 2–3 sessions during an 8-hour shift plus transit time. State laws may add paid break requirements.
Does my employer have to pay me for pumping breaks?
Federally, pumping breaks are unpaid unless you pump during an otherwise paid break or your state requires payment. Several states — including California, New York, and Illinois — require paid lactation breaks.
What counts as a private space for pumping at work?
A place shielded from view, free from intrusion, available when needed, and not a bathroom. It should be functional — a chair, flat surface, and ideally an outlet and nearby sink.
What are my pumping rights at work in the UK?
There is no UK PUMP Act equivalent. Rights come from health and safety law, the Equality Act, and flexible working rules. Request a private space and regular breaks in writing before your return date.
Can my employer refuse to give me a pumping break?
In the US, most employers covered by the FLSA must provide accommodations. Small employers (under 50 employees) may claim undue hardship only in limited cases. Refusal without legal basis can be reported to the DOL or your state agency.
Does the PUMP Act apply to part-time workers?
Yes — most part-time employees covered by the FLSA have PUMP Act rights, including many salaried workers. Independent contractors and self-employed workers are generally not covered.
What should I do if my employer won't provide a pumping space?
Document every request in writing, cite the PUMP Act and any state rules, escalate to HR, and file a complaint with the US Department of Labor (1-866-487-9243) or your state enforcement agency.
Informational only, not legal advice. Last reviewed: June 2026.
